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1. #Iaea tecdoc 1092 how to
2. #Iaea tecdoc 1092 portable
3. #Iaea tecdoc 1092 software
4. #Iaea tecdoc 1092 iso

InSiCal has four predefined distributions ( 9): surface distribution, uniform distribution, exponential distribution, and slab (or step) distribution. To calculate the angular correction factor InSiCal uses the Monte Carlo method.

It only requires the user to input peak response data (including uncertainty) for multiple energies and geometrical data about the crystal and to define the distribution of a selected radionuclide in soil. It can make use of a calibration made by the user ( 3, 12) but also has the ability to calculate the angular part of the calibration based on selected source distribution.

#Iaea tecdoc 1092 software

InSiCal is a software tool developed by NRPA to simplify in situ measurements.

#Iaea tecdoc 1092 iso

Now, relying on the guidelines issued by ISO and the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology ( 8, 11), InSiCal automatically calculates these uncertainties. In all the measurements, the following radionuclides were analysed: 40K (using the peak at 1460.8 keV), 238U (using the 234Th peak at 63.3 keV and the double peak at 92.4 and 92.8 keV), 232Th (using 228Ac peaks at 333.3 keV, 911.2 keV, and 969.0 keV), 214Bi (using the peaks at 609.3 keV and 1120.3 keV), 214Pb (using the peaks at 295.2 keV and 351.9 keV) and 137Cs (using the peak at 661.7 keV). The results from both detectors used in the field were largely in good agreement. We also collected samples from those locations and performed gamma spectrometry in the laboratory after leaving the samples in sealed sampling dishes for three months to ensure the equilibrium of radionuclides in 238U and 232Th decay chains. Using this tool, which we acquired from the IAEA, we calibrated two field detectors with different efficiencies, made by different manufacturers, and performed gamma spectrometric in situ measurements at eight locations in Croatia. Recently, the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) developed a tool that significantly simplifies the in situ calibration of the detector ( 9). Problems with in situ measurements arise from calibration issues, as detectors are employed outside the laboratory environment, where the efficiency for different angles has to be calibrated and where samples do not have easily measured and determined properties. However, it takes time and effort to raise it to the level of laboratory results. It can quickly cover a large area and identify radiation hot spots.

#Iaea tecdoc 1092 how to

In 2013, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) issued a guide for in situ gamma spectrometric measurement in soil which became international reference for how to identify radionuclides and quantify their activity with the method ( 8).Ĭompared to traditional sampling and laboratory measurements in situ gamma spectrometry is quicker, cheaper, and less sensitive to local variations in samples. The technique was also adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for characterisations of contaminated sites for remediation purposes ( 6) and for radioactivity monitoring following a nuclear or radiological emergency ( 7). In the 1990s, updates on method descriptions became available ( 4, 5).

#Iaea tecdoc 1092 portable

For more than three decades, portable HPGe gamma spectrometers have been available and preferred to scintillator detectors due to their superior resolution. The first in situ measurements were performed using NaI(Tl) and Ge(Li) detectors. The first elaborate description of the method was published in 1972 ( 3). In the beginning, it was used primarily as part of radionuclide measurements of nuclear weapon testing fallout and measurements of background radiation ( 1, 2). In situ gamma-ray spectrometry has become common since the late 1960s.